MINIATURES

Oils in 3ml size, except as quoted below

Basil £3.74

Bergamot £3.74

black pepper £2.46

cedarwood  £1.90

chamomile roman £12.58

chamomile german £21.74

clary sage £3.38

clove bud £1.70

cypress £2.80

eucalyptus £1.78

frankincense £4.72

geranium £5.12

ginger £6.32

grapefruit  £2.92

jasmine (2ml) £19.90

juniperberry £5.34

lavender £3.46

lemon £1.50

marjoram £4.82

Melissa (2ml) £19.80

Neroli (1ml) £19.80

orange sweet £1.62

palmarosa £2.34

patchouli £3.36

peppermint £3.12

petitgrain £2.38

rose otto (1ml) £19.80

rosemary £1.30

sandalwood £14.12

tea tree £2.02

thyme (sweet) £5.72

vetiver £3.88

ylang ylang £3.30

BASIL (EUROPEAN) 

Latin Name: Ocymum basilicum Family Name: Labiatae 
Description of Plant: Annual herb, dark green ovate leaves, pinky-
white flowers. Whole plant is aromatic. 
Where Cultivated: France, Italy , Bulgaria, Hungary 
Part of Plant Used: Leaves and 
flowering tops. 
Method of Extraction: Steam 
distillation 
Description of Oil: Colourless or pale yellow with a spicy aroma. 
Main Constituents: Linalool and fenchol (alcohols), small amount 
methyl chavicol (phenol) 
Actions: Anti-spasmodic, cephalic, carminative, antiseptic, tonic 
Physical Uses: 
chesty conditions 
tired, overworked muscles 
hay fever 
digestive disorders 
cramp, gout 
Emotional Uses: 
mental fatigue 
doubts 
stress 
anxiety 
Safety Data: Contra-indicated to pregnancy. Risk of toxicity. 
Sensitiser. Methyl chavicol is possibly carcinogenic in large amounts. 

BERGAMOT 

Latin Name: Citrus bergamia Family Name: Rutaceae 
Description of Plant: Small tree 4-5m tall. Smooth oval leaves. 
Small round fruit that ripen from green to yellow. 
Where Cultivated: Italy 
Part of Plant Used: Nearly ripe 
fruit. 
Method of Extraction: 
Expression 
Description of Oil: Green. 
Main Constituents: Linalyl acetate (ester), citral (aldehyde), linalool 
(alcohol), bergapten and bergamottin (furocoumarins) 
Actions: Antiseptic, uplifting (without stimulating), anti-depressant, 
anti-viral, immuno-stimulant, balancing 
Physical Uses: 
cystitis 
shingles, psoriasis 
skin care, acne, cold sores 
chilblains, asthma 
fever 
Emotional Uses: 
anxiety 
depression 
exhaustion 
sadness 
Safety Data: Photosensitiser due to furocoumarin content. ‘FCF’ 
(FuroCoumarin Free) bergamot is available. 

BLACK PEPPER 

Latin Name: Piper nigrum Family Name: Piperaceae 
Description of Plant: Woody climbing plant. 
Where Cultivated: India, China, Java, Malaysia 
Part of Plant Used: Black 
peppercorns. 
Method of Extraction: Steam 
distillation 
Description of Oil: Colourless to pale green, yellowing with age. 
Main constituents: 70-80% monoterpenes, piperine, oxygenated 
compounds, carvacrol (phenol) 
Actions: Rubefacient, toning, stimulates the spleen, carminative, 
hypertensive 
Physical Uses: 
chilblains, Raynaud’s disease 
arthritis (osteo and rheumatoid) 
digestive problems, diarrhoea 
muscular stiffness, sprains 
anaemia, hypotension 
Emotional Uses: 
lack of endurance 
frustration 
lack of motivation 
apathy 
dementia 
Safety Data: Sensitiser. Hypertensive. Contra-indicated to 
pregnancy. Over-use could damage kidneys. Use in moderation, 
diluting to 0.1% or less. 

CEDARWOOD (ATLAS) 

Latin Name: Cedrus atlantica Family Name: Pinaceae 
Description of Plant: Pyramid shaped evergreen tree up to 40m tall. 
Where Cultivated: Algeria, Morocco 
Part of Plant Used: Wood, 
stumps and sawdust. 
Method of Extraction: Steam 
distillation 
Description of Oil: Yellow, orange or amber. Fairly viscous. 
Main Constituents: Cedrol (alcohol), cadinene (sesquiterpene) 
Actions: Antiseptic, mucolytic, astringent, sedative, expectorant, 
grounding 
Physical Uses: 
bronchial infections 
urinary infections, cystitis 
catarrh 
skin care 
dandruff 
Emotional Uses: 
lack of concentration 
obsessions 
anxiety 
paranoia 
Safety Data: Risk of toxicity. Contra-indicated to pregnancy. 

CHAMOMILE (GERMAN) 

Latin Name: Matricaria 
chamomilla 
Family Name: Compositae 
Description of Plant: Annual herb 60cm tall. Feathery leaves. Daisy 
white flowers on single stems. 
Where Cultivated: Hungary, Eastern Europe (no longer in Germany) 
Part of Plant Used: Flower 
heads. 
Method of Extraction: Steam 
distillation 
Description of Oil: Blue with strong, sweetish, warm aroma. 
Main Constituents: Chamazulene and farnasene (sesquiterpenes), 
bisabolol oxide, farnesol (alcohol) 
Actions: Anti-inflammatory, diuretic, sedative to the nerves, 
calmative, anti-spasmodic 
Physical Uses: 
inflamed joints, muscular pains, 
arthritis (osteo and rheumatoid), 
sprains, sciatica, neuralgia, 
cystitis, tonsillitis, asthma, 
insomnia, insect bites, 
psoriasis, indigestion, diarrhoea 
Emotional Uses: 
stress 
anxiety 
anger 
emotional tension 
frustration 
Safety Data: Can cause dermatitis. Contra-indicated to the first three 
months of pregnancy. 

CHAMOMILE (ROMAN) 

Latin Name: Anthemis nobilis Family Name: Compositae 
Description of Plant: Small stocky perennial herb 25cm tall. 
Feathery leaves. Daisy white flowers. 
Where Cultivated: England, Belgium, France, Hungary, Italy 
Part of Plant Used: Flower 
heads. 
Method of Extraction: Steam 
distillation 
Description of Oil: Blue. Turns yellow with age. Warm, sweet, herby 
scent. 
Main Constituents: 85% angelic and tiglic acids (esters), pinene 
(monoterpene), farnesol (alcohol), chamazulene and farnasene 
(sesquiterpenes) 
Actions: Analgesic, digestive, anti-spasmodic, anti-neuralgic 
Physical Uses: 
sensitive red skin, sunburn, 
muscular pain, sprains, 
dull aches and pains, earache, 
sciatica, neuralgia, insomnia, 
tonsillitis, asthma, 
allergies, eczema, psoriasis, 
insect bites, dysmenorrhoea, 
Emotional Uses: 
fear 
exhaustion 
grief 
depression 
over-sensitivity 
nervousness 
Safety Data: Contra-indicated to the first three months of pregnancy. 

CLARY-SAGE 

Latin Name: Salvia sclarea Family Name: Labiatae 
Description of Plant: Stout herb. Hairy green leaves with purple tint. 
Small blue flowers. 
Where Cultivated: Mediterranean, Russia, Morocco, U.S.A., 
England 
Part of Plant Used: Flowering 
tops and leaves. 
Method of Extraction: Steam 
distillation 
Description of Oil: Colourless or pale yellow/green. Sweet, nutty, 
herby aroma. 
Main Constituents: Linalyl acetate (ester), linalool and sclareol 
(alcohols), pinene (monoterpene) 
Actions: Anti-spasmodic, anti-depressant, sedative, narcotic, 
oestrogenic, hallucinogenic 
Physical Uses: 
amenorrhoea, dysmenorrhoea, 
menopausal problems, 
muscular aches and pains, 
asthma, irritable bowel syndrome, 
dandruff, hair loss, neuralgia 
Emotional Uses: 
burn out 
hyperactivity 
claustrophobia 
guilt 
nervous tension 
Safety Data: Contra-indicated to pregnancy. Do not drink alcohol 
after using clary-sage due to its narcotic and hallucinogenic effects. 


CLOVE (BUD) 

Latin Name: Syzygium 
aromaticum 
Family Name: Myrtaceae 
Description of Plant: Slender evergreen tree with a smooth grey 
trunk, bright green leaves and long red buds. 
Where Cultivated: Madagascar, Indonesia 
Part of Plant Used: Bud. Method of Extraction: Steam 
distillation 
Description of Oil: Pale yellow with sweet-spicy aroma. 
Main Constituents: 60-90% eugenol (phenol), eugenyl acetate 
(ester), caryophyllene (sesquiterpene) 
Actions: Hypertensive, anti-histaminic, anti-oxidant, anti-neuralgic, 
antiseptic 
Physical Uses: 
toothache, loss of appetite 
nausea 
rheumatism 
athlete’s foot 
hypotension 
Emotional Uses: 
anger 
quarrelsome 
worthlessness 
dementia 
misery 
Safety Data: Sensitiser. Irritant to skin and mucous membranes. 
Toxic. Hypertensive. Contra-indicated to pregnancy. Dilute to 0.1% or 
less. No other clove oils should be used. 

CYPRESS 

Latin Name: Cupressus 
sempervirens 
Family Name: Cupressaceae 
Description of Plant: Tall, evergreen tree with small flowers and 
round cones or nuts. 
Where Cultivated: France, Spain, Morocco 
Part of Plant Used: Needles and 
twigs. 
Method of Extraction: Steam 
distillation 
Description of Oil: Pale yellow/green colour with smoky, balsamic 
aroma. 
Main Constituents: Mainly pinene and camphene (monoterpenes), 
sabinol (alcohol) 
Actions: Astringent, deodorant, diuretic, tonic, antiseptic, detoxifying 
Physical Uses: 
haemorrhoids, varicose veins, 
menopausal problems, 
menorrhagia, dysmenorrhoea, 
amenorrhoea, oedema, 
oily skin, arthritis (osteo and 
rheumatoid), cramp, cellulite 
Emotional Uses: 
timidness 
feeling pressurized 
grief 
tiredness 
lack of concentration 
Safety Data: Contra-indicated to pregnancy. 

EUCALYPTUS (BLUE GUM) 

Latin Name: Eucalyptus globulus Family Name: Myrtaceae 
Description of Plant: Tall evergreen tree. Bluish-green, oval leaves 
and creamy-white flowers. 
Where Cultivated: Brazil, China, Australia 
Part of Plant Used: Leaves and 
twigs. 
Method of Extraction: Steam 
distillation 
Description of Oil: Colourless with a harsh camphoraceous aroma. 
Main Constituents: 70-85% 1,8 cineole (oxide), limonene, pinene 
and camphene (monoterpenes ) 
Actions: Antiseptic, decongestant, anti-viral, febrifugal, deodorant, 
stimulant, immuno-stimulant, anti-inflammatory, insect repellent 
Physical Uses: 
respiratory conditions, sinusitis 
viral infections, fever 
rheumatic conditions 
catarrh, diarrhoea 
sprains 
Emotional Uses: 
mood swings 
temper tantrums 
exhaustion 
cluttered thoughts 
delirium 
Safety Data: Risk of toxicity. Can irritate the skin. Can be fatal if 
taken internally. 



FRANKINCENSE 

Latin Name: Boswellia carterii Family Name: Burseraceae 
Description of Plant: Small tree/shrub. Pinnate leaves. White or 
pale pink flowers. Natural gum resin collected by making incisions 
into the bark. Milky white liquid solidifies into tear shaped amberorange/
brown lumps. 
Where Cultivated: Somalia, China, Ethiopia (distilled in Europe) 
Part of Plant Used: Selected 
oleo-resin. 
Method of Extraction: Steam 
distillation 
Description of Oil: Pale yellow/green with a warm, rich, sweet, 
balsamic aroma. 
Main Constituents: Pinene, limonene and phellandrene 
(monoterpenes) 
Actions: Cytophylactic, slows and deepens breathing, meditative, 
astringent 
Physical Uses: 
dry mature skin 
scars 
asthma 
catarrh 
dysmenorrhoea 
Emotional Uses: 
anxiety 
nervous tension 
helps to break links with the past 
panic 
stress 
bereavement, fear, paranoia 
Safety Data: Use according to the general instructions in ‘Methods of 
Use’ and ‘Blending’. 

GERANIUM 

Latin Name: Pelargonium 
graveolens 
Family Name: Geraniaceae 
Description of Plant: Perennial, hairy shrub with pointed leaves, 
serrated at the ends and small, pink flowers. 
Where Cultivated: Egypt, Réunion (Bourbon), Russia, China 
Part of Plant Used: Leaves, 
stalks and flowers. 
Method of Extraction: Steam 
distillation 
Description of Oil: Greenish/olive colour with a rosy, sweet, 
powerful floral aroma. 
Main Constituents: Citronellol, geraniol and linalool (alcohols) 
Actions: Anti-depressant, antiseptic, adrenal cortex stimulant, 
haemostatic, lymphatic, regulates sebum 
Physical Uses: 
acne, oily skin, cellulite, 
wounds, menopausal problems, 
amenorrhoea, pre-menstrual 
tension, menorrhagia, 
dysmenorrhoea, Raynaud’s 
disease, eczema, oedema 
Emotional Uses: 
stress 
moodiness 
lack of self esteem 
instability 
nervous tension 
depression 
Safety Data: Contra-indicated to pregnancy. May cause dermatitis in 
hypersensitive individuals (especially the Bourbon oil). 

GINGER 

Latin Name: Zingiber officinalis Family Name: Zingiberaceae 
Description of Plant: Perennial herb, 1m thick, with spreading 
tuberous rhizome root. 
Where Cultivated: India, China 
Part of Plant Used: Root. Method of Extraction: Steam 
distillation 
Description of Oil: Pale yellow, amber or greenish oil with a warm, 
woody, spicy aroma. 
Main Constituents: Gingerin, gingerone, zingiberine, linalool 
(alcohol), citral (aldehyde) 
Actions: Warming, rubefacient, analgesic, anti-spasmodic, stimulant 
Physical Uses: 
arthritis (osteo and rheumatoid), 
rheumatism, 
muscular aches, pains, sprains, 
indigestion, diarrhoea, 
chills, tonsillitis, cramp 
Emotional Uses: 
nervous exhaustion 
apathy 
burn out 
sadness 
fear 
Safety Data: Toxic in high concentrations. Sensitiser. 
Dilute to 0.1%. Never apply neat. 


GRAPEFRUIT 

Latin Name: Citrus paradisi Family Name: Rutaceae 
Description of Plant: Tree with glossy leaves and large, yellow fruit. 
Where Cultivated: California, Florida, Brazil, Israel 
Part of Plant Used: Fresh peel. Method of Extraction: Cold 
expression 
Description of Oil: Yellow or greenish colour with a fresh, citrus 
aroma. 
Main Constituents: 90% limonene (monoterpene), geraniol (alcohol) 
citronellal and neral (aldehydes) 
Actions: Antiseptic, lymphatic, diuretic, depurative, digestive tonic 
Physical Uses: 
oedema 
cellulite 
obesity 
congested oily skin 
warts, verrucae 
Emotional Uses: 
depression 
nervous exhaustion 
performance stress 
seasonal affective disorder 
mental fatigue 
Safety Data: Short shelf life as it oxidizes quickly. Although 
grapefruit is a citrus oil, it is not generally thought to be 
photosensitising. Possible skin irritatant. 

 
JASMINE 

Latin Name: Jasminium 
grandiflorum 
Family Name: Oleaceae 
Description of Plant: Evergreen shrub or vine with delicate, bright 
leaves and star shaped white flowers. 
Where Cultivated: China, India 
Part of Plant Used: Flowers. Method of Extraction: Steam 
distillation of the absolute 
Description of Oil: Reddish brown colour. Rich floral aroma. 
Main Constituents: Benzyl acetate (ester), farnesol, linalool and 
benzyl alcohol (alcohols), jasmone (non-toxic ketone) 
Actions: Relaxant, warming, anti-depressant, parturient, sedative, 
uterine tonic 
Physical Uses: 
labour pains 
uterine disorders 
coughs 
irritated skin 
muscular spasm 
Emotional Uses: 
low self esteem 
pessimism 
lack of confidence 
stress, depression 
promotes euphoria 
Safety Data: Contra-indicated to pregnancy. Dilute to 1%. Using too 
much may have an opposite effect. Allergic reaction has been known 
in some sensitive individuals.  

JUNIPERBERRY 

Latin Name: Juniperus 
communis 
Family Name: Cupressaceae 
Description of Plant: Evergreen shrub or tree, 6m tall. Bluish, 
narrow needles and small flowers. Berries are green the first year 
and black in the second and third. 
Where Cultivated: Italy, France, Canada, Austria, Czechoslovakia 
Part of Plant Used: Berries. Method of Extraction: Steam 
distillation 
Description of Oil: Colourless, white or pale yellow with a woody, 
fresh, sweet aroma. 
Main Constituents: Pinene, sabinene, limonene and myrcene 
(monoterpenes) 
Actions: Antiseptic, diuretic, detoxifying, hypertensive, astringent, 
stomachic, anti-inflammatory, toning 
Physical Uses: 
cystitis, urinary stones, 
haemorrhoids, varicose veins, 
cellulite, cramp, acne, eczema, 
arthritis (osteo and rheumatoid), 
gout, warts, verrucae 
Emotional Uses: 
confusion 
guilt 
emotionally drained 
exhaustion 
addictions 
Safety Data: Contra-indicated to pregnancy and kidney disease 
(consult a medically qualified person if a kidney complaint is 
suspected). Hypertensive. 

LAVENDER 

Latin Name: Lavandula 
angustifolia 
Family Name: Labiatae 
Description of Plant: Evergreen, woody shrub with green-silvery 
leaves and violet-blue flowers. Whole plant is aromatic. 
Where Cultivated: France, Spain, England 
Part of Plant Used: Fresh 
flowering tops. 
Method of Extraction: Steam 
distillation 
Description of Oil: Colourless to pale yellow. Floral, herby, 
balsamic, woody aroma. 
Main Constituents: Linalyl acetate (ester), linalool and lavandulol 
(alcohols) 
Actions: Hypotensive, nervine, antiseptic, cytophylactic, relaxant, 
immuno-stimulant, analgesic, sedative 
Physical Uses: 
burns, sunburn, psoriasis, 
eczema, acne, insect bites, 
dysmenorrhoea, Raynaud’s 
disease, insomnia, hypertension, 
headaches, migraine, sinusitis, 
sciatica, sprains, neuralgia, 
thrush, cystitis, colds, flu, cold 
sores, laryngitis, tonsillitis, 
asthma, varicose veins, 
haemorrhoids, bruises 
Emotional Uses: 
anxiety 
shock 
panic 
hyperactivity 
stress 
Safety Data: Contra-indicated to the first three months of pregnancy. 
It is a very gentle oil with many uses but take care not to over use it. 
Hypotensive. 

LEMON 

Latin Name: Citrus limon Family Name: Rutaceae 
Description of Plant: Small, evergreen tree with serrated, oval 
leaves, fragrant flowers and yellow fruit. 
Where Cultivated: Italy, Sicily, Cyprus, Israel 
Part of Plant Used: Fresh outer 
peel. 
Method of Extraction: Cold 
expression 
Description of Oil: Pale green-yellow colour with fresh lemon 
aroma. 
Main Constituents: Limonene and pinene (monoterpenes), citral 
(aldehyde), bergapten (furocoumarin) 
Actions: Antiseptic, immuno-stimulant, hypotensive, bactericidal, 
counteracts acidity in the body, adaptogen for autonomic nervous 
system (sedative or tonic as required), detoxifying, anti-viral 
Physical Uses: 
acne, greasy skin, chilblains, 
infections, tonsillitis, warts, 
verrucae, arteriosclerosis, 
varicose veins, arthritis (osteo 
and rheumatoid), menorrhagia 
Emotional uses: 
lethargy 
stress 
mental fatigue 
distrust 
indecision 
Safety Data: Sensitiser. Can be a skin irritant so dilute to 0.1%. 
Toxic. Photosensitiser due to its bergapten content. Hypotensive. 

MARJORAM (SWEET) 

Latin Name: Origanum majorana Family Name: Labiatae 
Description of Plant: Tender, bushy, perennial herb 60cm tall with a 
hairy stem, dark green oval leaves and small, greyish, white flowers. 
Where Cultivated: France, Tunisia, Egypt, Germany 
Part of Plant Used: Flowers. Method of Extraction: Steam 
distillation 
Description of Oil: Pale yellow-amber colour with a spicy, warm, 
woody aroma. 
Main Constituents: Sabinene (sesquiterpene), alpha-terpineol and 
terpinen-4-ol (alcohols), geranyl acetate (ester) 
Actions: Hypotensive, anaphrodisiac, nervine, warming, vaso-dilator, 
anti-spasmodic, sedative, emmenagogue 
Physical Uses: 
hypertension, arthritis (osteo and 
rheumatoid), coughs, colds, flu, 
asthma, irritable bowel syndrome, 
indigestion, chilblains, cramp, 
migraine, neuralgia, insomnia, 
amenorrhoea, dysmenorrhoea, 
headaches 
Emotional Uses: 
stress 
exhaustion 
panic attacks 
rage 
addiction 
Safety Data: Contra-indicated to pregnancy. Can cause drowsiness 
if used in large amounts, so dilute to 1% or less when using with 
young people or children. Hypotensive. 

MELISSA 

Latin Name: Melissa officinalis Family Name: Labiatae 
Description of Plant: Sweet scented bushy herb with bright green 
leaves. 60cm tall. Tiny pink or white flowers. Also known as lemon 
balm. 
Where Cultivated: France, Spain, Germany, Russia 
Part of Plant Used: Leaves and 
flowering tops. 
Method of Extraction: Steam 
distillation 
Description of Oil: Pale yellow colour with a fresh, light, lemony 
aroma. 
Main Constituents: Citral, geranial and neral (aldehydes), citronellol 
(alcohol) 
Actions: Hypotensive, anti-spasmodic, cordial, soothing, regulator of 
menstrual cycle, sedative 
Physical Uses: 
asthma, coughs 
eczema, skin problems 
menstrual problems 
amenorrhoea 
hypertension 
Emotional Uses: 
soothes mind and body 
negativity 
irritability 
lethargy 
stress, shock 
Safety Data: Possible skin irritant, so use low dilutions of 1% or less. 
Hypotensive. As the plant contains a high proportion of water, so 
increasing the cost of producing the oil, it is one of the most 
adulterated oils (often with lemon or lemongrass). 



NEROLI 

Latin Name: Citrus aurantium 
var. amara 
Family Name: Rutaceae 
Description of Plant: Bitter or Seville orange tree. 
Where Cultivated: Italy 
Part of Plant Used: Orange 
blossom (the leaves and twigs 
are used to extract petitgrain). 
Method of Extraction: Steam 
distillation 
Description of Oil: Thick, deep brown colour with a bitter-sweet 
aroma. 
Main Constituents: Linalyl acetate (ester), limonene and pinene 
(monoterpenes), linalool (alcohol) 
Actions: Anti-depressant, stomachic, aphrodisiac, cytophylactic, 
hypotensive 
Physical Uses: 
insomnia 
hypertension 
pre-menstrual tension 
post and menopausal problems 
diarrhoea, eczema 
Emotional Uses: 
depression, shock 
nervous tension 
abuse 
sadness 
stress 
Safety Data: Can possibly cause contact dermatitis in sensitive 
individuals. Hypotensive. 

ORANGE (SWEET) 

Latin Name: Citrus sinensis Family Name: Rutaceae 
Description of Plant: Evergreen tree with orange fruit. 
Where Cultivated: Israel, Cyprus, Brazil, Mediterranean 
Part of Plant Used: Fresh, 
almost ripe outer peel. 
Method of Extraction: 1: cold 
expression 2: steam distillation 
Description of Oil: 1. yellow/orange with sweet, fruity aroma 
2. colourless/pale yellow with light, fruity aroma 
Main Constituents: 90% monoterpenes mainly limonene. The 
expressed oil also contains bergapten (furocoumarin). 
Actions: Anti-depressant, anti-spasmodic, mildly sedative, 
normalizes peristaltic action 
Physical Uses: 
dull oily complexion 
palpitations 
digestive problems 
insomnia 
spasms, cold, flu 
Emotional Uses: 
stress related conditions 
self consciousness 
addiction 
emotional violence/abuse 
Safety Data: Caution with children. Possible contact dermatitis in 
sensitive individuals. Sensitiser. Toxic. Dilute to 0.1%. 
Photosensitiser (particularly for the expressed oil as it contains 
bergapten). 


PALMAROSA 

Latin Name: Cymbopogon 
martinii 
Family Name: Graminaceae 
Description of Plant: Wild growing, herbaceous plant with long 
slender stems, flowery tops and fragrant, grassy leaves. 
Where Cultivated: Africa, Brazil, Indonesia 
Part of Plant Used: Fresh or 
dried grass. 
Method of Extraction: Steam 
distillation 
Description of Oil: Pale yellow or olive coloured oil with a sweet, 
rosy, floral aroma. 
Main Constituents: 75-95% geraniol (alcohol), geranyl acetate 
(ester) 
Actions: Hydrating, antiseptic, febrifugal, digestive, regulates the 
production of sebum, cytophylactic, hormonally balancing, 
bactericidal 
Physical Uses: 
skin care 
scars, wrinkles 
anorexia 
intestinal infections 
Raynaud’s disease, fever 
Emotional Uses: 
stress 
nervous exhaustion 
pre-menstrual syndrome (P.M.S.) 
Safety Data: Several chemotypes. Use according to the general 
guidelines in ‘Methods of Use’ and ‘Blending’. 

PATCHOULI 

Latin Name: Pogostemon cablin Family Name: Labiatae 
Description of Plant: Perennial, bushy plant with large, soft, furry 
leaves. 
Where Cultivated: India, China, Malaysia, South America 
Part of Plant Used: Dried 
leaves. 
Method of Extraction: Steam 
distillation 
Description of Oil: Amber or dark orange colour with a sweet, rich, 
earthy aroma. 
Main Constituents: 35-40% patchouli alcohol, patchoulene (terpene) 
Actions: Aphrodisiac, anti-depressant, anti-viral, carminative, 
fungicidal 
Physical Uses: 
athlete’s foot 
cracked chapped skin 
impetigo 
oily hair 
oedema 
Emotional Uses: 
depression 
anxiety 
nervous exhaustion 
stress 
mood swings 
Safety Data: Use according to the general guidelines in ‘Methods of 
Use’ and ‘Blending’. 

PEPPERMINT 

Latin Name: Mentha piperita Family Name: Labiatae 
Description of Plant: Perennial herb, 1m tall, with reddish/violet 
flowers. 
Where Cultivated: France, England, America 
Part of Plant: Flowering herb. Method of Extraction: Steam 
distillation 
Description of Oil: Pale yellow or greenish colour with a minty, 
camphoraceous aroma. 
Main Constituents: 29-48% menthol (alcohol), menthone (non-toxic 
ketone), menthyl acetate (ester), limonene and pinene 
(monoterpenes) 
Actions: Anti-inflammatory, expectorant, vaso-constrictor, digestive, 
analgesic, insecticidal, adaptogen (stimulates and relaxes as 
necessary), hypertensive 
Physical Uses: 
digestive disorders, indigestion, 
nausea, colds, flu, insect bites, 
hypotension, migraine, 
headaches, sinusitis, 
sprains, rheumatoid arthritis, 
dysmenorrhoea, fever 
Emotional Uses: 
shock 
overwork 
sluggishness 
mental fatigue 
apathy 
Safety Data: Contra-indicated to pregnancy and epilepsy. Sensitiser. 
Hypertensive. Neat use can produce chemical burns especially if the 
skin is already damaged. Dilute to 0.1%. 

PETITGRAIN 

Latin Name: Citrus aurantium 
var. amara 
Family Name: Rutaceae 
Description of Plant: Evergreen tree up to 10m tall with dark green, 
glossy leaves, fragrant white flowers and orange fruits. 
Where Cultivated: France, North Africa, Paraguay, Haiti 
Part of Plant Used: Leaves and 
twigs (the orange blossom is 
used to extract neroli). 
Method of Extraction: Steam 
distillation 
Description of Oil: Pale yellow to amber colour with a fresh, floral, 
citrus aroma. 
Main Constituents: Linalyl acetate and geranyl acetate (esters), 
nerol and linalool (alcohols) 
Actions: Reduces over production of sebum, antiseptic, deodorant, 
anti-depressant 
Physical Uses: 
skin care 
acne 
Emotional Uses: 
loneliness 
unhappiness 
comforting when convalescing 
pessimism 
seasonal affective disorder 
Safety Data: Use according to the general guidelines in ‘Methods of 
Use’ and ‘Blending’. 



ROSE OTTO 

Latin Name: Rosa damascena Family Name: Rosaceae 
Description of Plant: Hybrid, producing an abundance of flowers. 
Where Cultivated: Morocco, France, Italy, China 
Part of Plant Used: Fresh petals. Method of Extraction: 
1: steam distillation (oil/otto) 
2: solvent or carbon dioxide 
extraction (concrete/absolute) 
Description of Oil: 1: pale with deep floral aroma 
2: reddish orange with rich, sweet, slightly spicy, rosy aroma 
Main Constituents: Citronellol, geraniol and nerol (alcohols) 
Actions: Anti-depressant, regulator of appetite, hepatic, astringent, 
cicatrisant, laxative 
Physical Uses: 
broken capillaries, mature skin, 
liver congestion, uterine 
disorders, constipation, 
insomnia, asthma, menopausal 
problems, menorrhagia 
frigidity, impotency 
Emotional Uses: 
depression, sadness 
nervous tension 
stress, shock 
pre-menstrual syndrome (P.M.S.) 
Safety Data: Contra-indicated to the first three months of pregnancy, 
then use in moderation (1% or less). 

ROSEMARY 

Latin Name: Rosmarinus 
officinalis 
Family Name: Labiatae 
Description of Plant: Bush with silver green leaves and pale blue 
flowers. 
Where Cultivated: California, Russia, Middle East, France, Spain 
Part of Plant Used: Fresh 
flowering tops. 
Method of Extraction: Steam 
distillation 
Description of Oil: Colourless or pale yellow with a strong, herby, 
balsamic aroma. 
Main Constituents: Pinene and limonene (monoterpenes), borneol 
(alcohol), 1,8 cineole (oxide) 
Actions: Hypertensive, analgesic, stimulant, cephalic, astringent, 
diuretic, regulates sebum, lymphatic, tones muscles, nervine 
Physical Uses: 
neuralgia, sciatica, muscular 
pain, cramp, sprains, rheumatoid 
arthritis, varicose veins, 
hypotension, oedema, 
acne, scabies, bruises, 
hair care, alopecia, 
Raynaud’s disease 
Emotional Uses: 
fatigue 
stress 
indecision 
loss of memory 
lethargy 
Safety Data: Contra-indicated to pregnancy and epilepsy. 
Hypertensive. Possible suppression of insulin response, so do not 
use on diabetics. 

SANDALWOOD 

Latin Name: Santalum album Family Name: Santalaceae 
Description of Plant: Small, evergreen, parasitic tree with leathery 
leaves and small, pink-purple flowers. 
Where Cultivated: India (Mysore), Europe 
Part of Plant Used: Roots and 
heartwood, powdered and dried. 
Method of Extraction: Steam 
distillation 
Description of Oil: Pale yellow, greenish or brownish with a sweet, 
soft, deep woody, balsamic aroma. 
Main Constituents: Santalol (70-90%) and borneol (alcohols) 
Actions: Astringent, expectorant, cicatrisant, urinary antiseptic, antidepressant, 
soothing 
Physical Uses: 
dry cracked, chapped skin 
catarrh 
coughs, laryngitis 
cystitis 
chilblains 
Emotional Uses: 
depression 
stress 
unforgiving 
loneliness 
Safety Data: Use according to the general guidelines in ‘Methods of 
Use’ and ‘Blending’. 

TEA-TREE 

Latin Name: Melaleuca 
alternifolia 
Family Name: Myrtaceae 
Description of Plant: Small tree or shrub with needle-like leaves and 
yellow/purple flowers. 
Where Cultivated: Australia, New South Wales 
Part of Plant Used: Leaves and 
twigs. 
Method of Extraction: Steam 
distillation 
Description of Oil: Colourless, white to pale yellow with a warm, 
spicy, fresh, camphoraceous aroma. 
Main Constituents: Large amount of terpinen-4-ol (alcohol), 1.8 
cineole (oxide), pinene (monoterpene) 
Actions: Immuno-stimulant, antibiotic, anti-viral, fungicidal, 
bactericidal, cytophylactic 
Physical Uses: 
colds, flu, tonsillitis, sinusitis, 
cold sores, warts, verrucae, 
thrush, cystitis, laryngitis, 
infections, athlete’s foot, 
catarrh, acne 
Emotional Uses: 
hypochondria 
debility 
irritability 
Safety Data: Possible sensitisation in very sensitive individuals. Can 
be used neat on spots, cold sores, verrucae and warts, otherwise 
dilute as normal. 

THYME (SWEET) 

Latin Name: Thymus vulgaris Family Name: Labiatae 
Description of Plant: Perennial, evergreen shrub with pale purple or 
white flowers. Many chemotypes, one of which is commonly known 
as red thyme. 
Where Cultivated: Spain, France 
Part of Plant Used: Fresh or 
partially dried leaves and 
flowering tops. 
Method of Extraction: Steam 
distillation 
Description of Oil: Clear oil with a sweet, herby, mild, fresh aroma. 
Main Constituents: Linalool (alcohol), linalyl acetate (ester) 
Actions: Rubefacient, hypertensive, balsamic, nervine, bactericidal 
Physical Uses: 
coughs, tonsillitis, sinusitis, 
laryngitis, 
poor circulation, hypotension, 
bruises, insect bites 
cellulite, alopecia 
Emotional Uses: 
revives mind and body 
over reactive 
nervous debility 
lack of memory 
confusion 
Safety Data: Contra-indicated to pregnancy and epilepsy. Irritates 
mucous membranes. Many chemotypes so use with care. 
Hypertensive. 

VETIVERT 

Latin Name: Vetiveria zizanoides Family Name: Poaceae 
Description of Plant: Tall, scented grass with long, narrow leaves 
and white roots. 
Where Cultivated: Caribbean 
Part of Plant Used: Roots washed, 
dried, chopped and 
soaked. 
Method of Extraction: Steam 
distillation 
Description of Oil: Dark brown/amber with an earthy, woody, slightly 
sweet aroma. 
Main Constituents: Vetiverol (alcohol), cadinene (sesquiterpene) 
Actions: Immuno-stimulant, rubefacient, relaxant, grounding 
Physical Uses: 
insomnia 
rheumatism 
oily skin 
Emotional Uses: 
stress, depression, shock 
insecurity 
instability 
bereavement 
divorce, separation 
Safety Data: Use according to the general guidelines in ‘Methods of 
Use’ and ‘Blending’. 

YLANG YLANG 

Latin Name: Cananga odorata Family Name: Annonaceae 
Description of Plant: Tall, tropical tree with yellow flowers. 
Where Cultivated: Madagascar, Comoro Islands 
Part of Plant Used: Freshly 
picked flowers. 
Method of Extraction: Steam 
distillation 
Description of Oil: Very pale. Intensely sweet, floral, spicy aroma. 
Main Constituents: Linalool and geraniol (alcohols), pinene 
(monoterpene), benzyl acetate (ester) 
Actions: Hypotensive, sedative, tonic, nervine, anti-depressant, 
regulator of sebum 
Physical Uses: 
hyperpnoea, palpitations, 
irritable bowel syndrome, 
indigestion, oily skin, 
impotency, 
hypertension 
Emotional Uses: 
nervous tension 
jealousy 
anger 
frustration 
depression 
Safety Data: Use in moderation. The heady scent can cause 
headaches or nausea in some individuals. Hypotensive. Five grades: 
1, 2, 3, 5 and Complete. Complete has the best aroma.